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- WORLD, Page 56PAKISTANThe Undoing of Benazir
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- After a year in office, Prime Minister Bhutto discovers that
- good intentions are no substitute for good government
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- BY EDWARD W. DESMOND/ISLAMABAD
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- Benazir Bhutto was one of the best political stories of the
- 1980s. Educated at Harvard and Oxford, she rallied from
- imprisonment and exile to return to Pakistan in 1986 and
- confront General Mohammed Zia ul-Haq, the country's military
- ruler and the man who executed her father, Prime Minister
- Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. When Zia's death in a mysterious plane
- crash in 1988 opened the way for Pakistan's first regular
- elections in a decade, Bhutto, only 35 and the mother of a
- two-month-old son, led her father's Pakistan People's Party
- through a raucous campaign to victory -- an unprecedented
- achievement for a woman in an Islamic country.
-
- All that striving turns out to have been the easy part. The
- Prime Minister, whose dramatic past and striking presence
- beguile Western admirers, is getting few favorable reviews in
- Pakistan. Her government has passed no legislation except a
- budget during its 14 months in power. Much of its energy has
- been squandered feuding with the opposition. Worse yet, her
- Cabinet stinks with corruption scandals, including allegations
- that her husband Asif Ali Zardari and father-in-law Hakim Ali
- Zardari, chairman of the parliamentary public-accounts
- committee, have taken advantage of their position to collect
- kickbacks on government contracts. Says Maleeha Lodi, a
- journalist close to Bhutto: "This government has lost the moral
- high ground. She is at grave risk politically."
-
- While Bhutto still adheres to the liberal democratic ideals
- that many Pakistanis found so attractive in the 1988 election,
- her judgment has often been carried away by the vengeful
- currents of Pakistani politics, especially the fury of those in
- her People's Party who were cruelly oppressed under Zia. Among
- the party's first acts after coming to power was a campaign to
- bribe and threaten legislators in Punjab, an opposition-ruled
- province where more than 60% of Pakistanis live. The goal: to
- overthrow Bhutto's nemesis, Mian Nawaz Sharif, Punjab's chief
- minister, a wealthy industrialist and a crony of Zia's.
- Privately, Bhutto's confidants justified the failed assault by
- arguing that Nawaz Sharif won only by rigging Punjab's
- elections, a view not supported by most impartial observers.
-
- The opposition Islamic Democratic Alliance has proved to be
- no more scrupulous, striking back with a bribery operation
- against a People's Party provincial government and leveling wild
- charges against Bhutto. Example: by emphasizing better relations
- with New Delhi, she was "selling out" to India. Opposition
- politicians have not been above a catty whispering campaign,
- asking how a mother with her second child due any day can
- possibly be a suitable Prime Minister. Nawaz Sharif has done
- more than talk. He used his police to arrest and lodge
- questionable cases against People's Party politicians in
- Punjab. Bhutto's government countered by using tax audits,
- cutting off state financing and exercising other federal powers
- to paralyze the industrial empire of Nawaz Sharif's family as
- well as the business interests of other I.D.A. backers. The
- bickering culminated in a no-confidence motion in parliament in
- November that Bhutto narrowly survived. Both parties offered as
- much as $1 million to any member who would switch sides, and
- resorted to guarding their erstwhile backers against temptation
- by placing them under police "protection."
-
- The battles with Nawaz Sharif might not have cost Bhutto so
- much support if her government had compiled a solid record of
- accomplishment during the past year. At first Bhutto complained
- that her government could not pass legislation because the upper
- house of parliament was almost entirely pro-I.D.A. But that
- excuse grew thin when the People's Party did not even try to
- introduce bills that might prove acceptable to all parties.
- Considering the extravagant promises of the party manifesto and
- Pakistan's abysmal poverty and appalling 77% illiteracy rate,
- there is little time to waste. To make matters worse, Bhutto has
- expended much of her energy on disputes with President Ghulam
- Ishaq Khan, a cautious civil servant who was close to Zia.
-
- Even then, the government could still have performed if
- Bhutto had chosen her Cabinet well. But she has shown little
- ability to pick talented -- not to say honest -- ministers.
- Important decisions often catch Bhutto by surprise, like
- Interior Minister Aitzaz Ahsan's move to harass and expel
- Christina Lamb, a British correspondent who wrote a
- controversial story about army officers plotting a coup that
- was embarrassing to the minister. Corruption scandals hit the
- papers almost daily, but Bhutto insists that the reports are
- mainly opposition propaganda, especially the attacks on her
- family. But one of her closest advisers is worried that the
- allegations are starting to stick. Says he: "If anything takes
- us down, it will be this perception of corruption and
- indecision."
-
- Bhutto's apologists say she is learning, and point to her
- recent moves to cooperate with the President and back off from
- confrontation with the opposition. She can also feel secure in
- her stable relations with the army brass, which has so far stood
- aloof from the fray. Her ministers say they are working on
- legislation and feel their efforts to encourage the country's
- private sector will soon benefit the sagging economy. Then too,
- Bhutto has helped restore a strong, if incomplete, measure of
- freedom and democracy to a country that has been under military
- rule for most of its 43-year existence. Pakistanis are grateful
- for that, but as Bhutto is beginning to realize, she has to
- deliver good government as well.
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